TLDR
- Erebor Bank, backed by Peter Thiel, Palmer Luckey, and Joe Lonsdale, received preliminary approval from the OCC to operate as a national bank
- The bank aims to serve tech startups, AI companies, defense firms, and crypto businesses left without banking after Silicon Valley Bank collapsed in 2023
- OCC Comptroller Jonathan Gould stated digital asset activities have a place in the federal banking system if done safely
- Erebor must complete compliance and security reviews before full operations, which could take several months
- The approval comes as multiple crypto firms including Coinbase, Circle, and Ripple seek similar banking charters
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has granted preliminary approval to Erebor Bank, a new financial institution backed by billionaire Peter Thiel and other tech investors. The decision marks the first new national bank charter approved under Comptroller Jonathan Gould.
JUST IN: 🇺🇸 U.S. approves Erebor, a new "cryptobank" backed by Palmer Luckey and Peter Thiel
Erebor aims to be “the most regulated entity conducting and facilitating stablecoin transactions” pic.twitter.com/SVYWlzCfOC
— Bitcoin Archive (@BTC_Archive) October 15, 2025
Erebor filed its application on June 11 and received approval after a four-month review. The bank is headquartered in Columbus, Ohio.
“I am committed to a dynamic and diverse federal banking system, and our decision today is a first but important step in living up to that commitment,” Gould said in a statement. He added that the OCC “does not impose blanket barriers to banks that want to engage in digital asset activities.”
The approval represents a shift in regulatory approach toward crypto-linked banking. Previous OCC leadership took a more restrictive stance after the 2023 collapse of several crypto-friendly banks.
Erebor still must clear compliance, cybersecurity, and capital adequacy reviews before beginning operations. This process could take several months.
The OCC granted preliminary conditional approval to Erebor Bank after thorough review of its application. In granting this charter, the OCC applied the same rigorous review and standards applied to all charter applications. https://t.co/9G7WkRRohN pic.twitter.com/tQhLqNbtM9
— OCC (@USOCC) October 15, 2025
The bank plans to serve clients in artificial intelligence, defense, manufacturing, and digital assets sectors. It will also work with payment processors, venture funds, and trading firms.
According to its filings, Erebor expects to hold about $1 million in cryptocurrency for transactional purposes. This indicates limited but deliberate exposure to digital assets.
A source close to the company told the Financial Times that Erebor aims to be “a stable, low-risk, reliable bank doing normal banking things without screwing everyone over with undue risk.” The bank is positioning itself as a replacement for Silicon Valley Bank, which collapsed in March 2023.
Filling the Gap After SVB Collapse
Silicon Valley Bank’s failure left tech startups and crypto firms without stable banking partners. Silvergate Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank also collapsed or were taken over during the same period.
Rising interest rates made it harder for companies to secure financing. Many tech firms and crypto businesses struggled to find traditional banking services.
Erebor’s founders include Palmer Luckey, founder of Anduril Industries, and Joe Lonsdale, a venture capitalist. The backing of these tech industry figures has helped the bank gain regulatory approval.
The bank will operate as a full-service national bank offering deposits and lending services. It plans to integrate digital asset operations under federal regulations.
Broader Regulatory Changes
The approval comes during a period of regulatory change in Washington. President Donald Trump signed the GENIUS Act, which establishes rules for stablecoin issuers.
Congress is considering additional legislation on crypto market structure and limits on central bank digital currencies. Several crypto companies are now seeking expanded regulatory approval.
Coinbase applied for a national trust company charter with the OCC. The exchange said it does not plan to become a bank but wants to expand into payments and custody services.
Circle, which issues the USDC stablecoin, has applied to establish a national trust bank. Ripple Labs filed for a similar license.
Banking and credit union trade groups have opposed granting bank charters to crypto companies. They cited policy and process concerns in their objections.
Caitlin Long, founder of Custodia Bank, said the issue will likely end up in court. She argued that questions about trust charters functioning as bank charters may need judicial review.
In May, the OCC issued guidance confirming that banks can buy and sell cryptocurrencies held in custody for customers. The policy allows banks to outsource crypto custody to third parties if they meet safety standards.
Gould was confirmed by the Senate in June with a 50-45 vote. He became the OCC’s first permanent comptroller since 2020.
His background includes work at Bitfury, a blockchain technology company. Under his leadership, the OCC removed references to “reputation risk” from its guidance documents.
Some lawmakers have raised concerns about crypto’s growing political ties. Senators Elizabeth Warren, Chris Van Hollen, and Ron Wyden asked Gould to investigate potential conflicts of interest related to Trump’s involvement in crypto ventures.
