TLDR
- Bhutan becomes the first country to implement Ethereum for a national digital identity system.
- Vitalik Buterin attended the launch ceremony alongside Bhutan’s King and Prime Minister.
- The Ethereum-based system is now fully operational, with a complete migration planned by 2026.
- Bhutan aims to enhance security, transparency, and privacy with its decentralized digital identity.
- The shift from Polygon and Hyperledger Indy to Ethereum ensures greater immutability and privacy.
Bhutan has become the first country to use the Ethereum network for a national digital identity system. The Ethereum-based system is now fully operational, marking a historic milestone in digital governance. The country aims to complete the migration of all authentication information by early 2026.
Bhutan Launches National Digital Identity System on Ethereum
The Ethereum-based National Digital Identity (NDI) system in Bhutan was officially launched in a ceremony attended by key figures, including Bhutan’s King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Prime Minister Lyonchen Tshering Tobgay, and Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin. Prime Minister Tobgay highlighted that the nation aims to lead in digital governance by utilizing Ethereum’s decentralized infrastructure.
1/ Today, Bhutan celebrates a historic milestone, becoming the first nation to anchor its national digital identity system on Ethereum. 🇧🇹@VitalikButerin and I were honored to join the launch ceremony on behalf of the Ethereum community, graced by His Royal Highness. pic.twitter.com/KA4tOYbsJ4
— Aya Miyaguchi (@AyaMiyagotchi) October 13, 2025
The NDI system is designed to enhance Bhutan’s security, transparency, and availability. The Prime Minister emphasized that the system would create a user-owned, interoperable identity framework. This move supports the King’s vision for a digitally empowered, inclusive society in Bhutan.
Vitalik Buterin, who attended the launch, praised the integration of Ethereum into Bhutan’s digital identity system.
“This milestone marks a global step toward a more open and secure digital future,” he said.
His involvement underscores Ethereum’s growing role in global digital governance.
Ethereum Enhances Bhutan’s Digital Ecosystem
Bhutan’s shift to Ethereum follows a previous use of Polygon and Hyperledger Indy for its identity system. Ethereum offers greater transparency, immutability, and privacy, making it a suitable choice for a national identity framework. The migration to Ethereum further solidifies Bhutan’s position at the forefront of digital innovation.
The fully operational NDI system will allow citizens to use cryptographic proof for authentication, eliminating traditional ID checks. This move ensures that personal information is only shared when necessary, offering enhanced privacy. By 2026, Bhutan is expected to have fully integrated Ethereum into its digital identity infrastructure.
Bhutan’s adoption of Ethereum reflects its broader strategy to leverage blockchain technology for national development. In addition to its digital identity system, Bhutan has invested in Bitcoin mining, further establishing its digital presence. As a holder of over 11,000 Bitcoin, Bhutan continues to advance its digital and financial infrastructure on the global stage.
